σύνθεσις

σύν-θεσις, εως, ἡ,

A putting together, composition, combination, Pl.Phd.93a, R.611b;

τῶν λίθων Arist.EN1174a23

, cf. IG42(1).103.56 (Epid., iv B.C.), 7.3073.92 (Lebad., ii B.C.);

τῶν σπονδύλων Sor.1.102

; storage, τῶν μήλων (quinces in a ῥίσκος) Phylarch.10 J.; but ἐλαιῶν ς. a preserve of olives, Gp.9.28.2.

b in concrete sense, junction,

ὀστῶν Arist.PA658b19

; συνθέσεις ([etym.] λέγω τὰς γωνίας) Id.Pr.910b14.

2 in various technical senses:

a in Grammar, composition, γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις, i.e. syllables and words, A.Pr.460, cf. Arist.Metaph.1092a26; σ. ἔκ τε ῥημάτων γιγνομένη καὶ ὀνομάτων, i.e. sentences, Pl.Sph.263d, cf. Cra.431c, Arist. Po.1458a28, Gal.15.487; περὶ συνθέσεως ὀνομάτων, title of work by D.H.; also, the juxtaposition of letters in a word, Arist.Rh.Al.1434b34; of an author's composition, Isoc.10.11; so ἡ τῶν μέτρων ς. metrical composition, Arist.Po.1449b35; ἡ τῶν ἐπῶν ς. D.S.5.74; ἡ τοῦ παίωνος ξ. the way the paeon is made up, Plu.2.1143d; the constitution of things, Hp.Virg.1.

b Math., synthesis of a problem (opp. ἀνάλυσις), Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.7, explained in Papp.634; ἡ κατὰ σ. ἀγωγή synthetic procedure, Id.412.2.

c Math., σ. λόγου transformation of a ratio known as componendo, Euc.5 Def.14; κατὰ -σιν, = componendo, Archim.Aequil.2.9.

d Math., addition, Ph.1.11, Plu.2.1018c, Dioph.1 Intr.; καθ' ἁντινοῦν -σιν however many times added, i.e. whatever number of times taken (multiplied), Archim.Spir.1:—also as Pythag. name for 2, Anatol. ap. Theol.Ar.8.

e in Logic, union of noun and verb or of two objects of thought in a statement, Arist. Int.16a12, de An.430a27; also ὁ παρὰ τὴν σ. [λόγος] the fallacy of composition, opp. διαίρεσις, Id.SE177a33.

f in Physics, composition of substances, parts of organisms, from their elementary constituents, Id.PA646a12, Top.151a23; opp μίξις (combination), Id.GC328a6.

g in Medicine, compounding of essences and drugs,

τῶν μύρων Thphr. Od.14

, al., cf. D.S.4.45, Aglaïas 8.

II combination of parts so as to form a whole, γενέσεις καὶ ς. Pl.R.533b; ἡ τῶν στρωμάτων ς. Id.Plt.280b, cf. Arist.PA645a35, Metaph.1014b37; in plants, Thphr.HP 5.5.2.

b in concrete sense, a social or political combination, Arist. Pol.1276b7; a military formation, Ael.Tact.18.5.

III agreement, treaty, Pi.P.4.168, Fr.205; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); ἐκ συνθέσεως by arrangement, D.S.13.112, etc.;

συνθέσεις περὶ γάμων Plu. Sull.35

.

2 σ. λόγων making up accounts, Stud.Pal.4.70.391 (i A.D.); so ς. alone,

εἰς σύνθεσιν τῷ βασιλεῖ PTeb.714.6

(ii B.C.).

IV set, service (most freq. in Lat. synthesis):

1 collection of clothes, wardrobe, Dig.34.2.38.1; also, dress, gown, costume, suit, σ. τελείας λευκὰς δεκατρεῖς, γυναικείας ς. PHamb.10.13,21 (ii A.D.), cf. POxy. 1153.23 (i A.D.), 496.4 (ii A.D.), PSI10.1117.11,13 (ii A.D.), Mart.2.46.4, 5.79.2; synthesinam indutus, Suet.Ner.51.

2 service of plate,

σ. πινακίων BGU781 i 5

(i A.D.), cf. Mart.4.46.15, Stat.Silv.4.9.44.